First meteorological stations and gauges launched in the second half of the XIX century on the territory of Tajikistan. The first one was - Khujand – which was established in 1866. Up to the beginning of XX there were 6 meteorological stations and 2 hydro gauges in Tajikistan.

Hydrometeorological observations have been developed since 1926, within the period of the Hydrometeorological Committee of Tajikistan establishment.

Initial environmental observations in Tajikistan started in 1934. These observations, being located on 14 water objects, were conducted to assess quality of water condition; data received featured conditions of natural reservoir and ponds of the Republic. Start-up of the systematic observations over environment were started in 1963 along with the assessment of the upper air quality.

Starting from 1960 specific observations over avalanche study launched, at that, only 3 stations located in most vulnerable territory were functioned; further on, observation points in Dushanbe, Khorog and Takhtamyshek started radiosounding. Agency on hydrometeorology acts as National Hydrometeorological service of the Republic of Tajikistan. Its staff provides governmental bodies, economy objects and public with weather forecast news, in timely informs about natural hydrometeorology disasters and extreme weather events, and notifies about current and expected conditions of the environment. This information is urgent for the stakeholder organizations in terms of natural disasters mitigation, climate change assessment and long-term predictions, etc. Moreover, Tajik hydrometeorological service provides specialized forecast information focusing on specific meteo/climatic area upon request. Objectives of the Agency in particular include:

• Providing population, branches of the national economy and bodies of the state defense with hydro meteorological information;
• Preparation of short and long-term hydro meteorological forecasts, providing state enterprises with in timely information on environmental and climatic condition, particularly, warnings on extreme weather events.

Decision making is going through the basis of the system over environment observation along with the automated facilities and prompt communication means.

The Agency represents the Republic of Tajikistan in the arena of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The Head of the Agency is the Permanent Representative of the Republic of Tajikistan with WMO.